Inequality in Social Classes - 1668 Words

Imagine living in a society full of equality, where everyone would have the same income, house, and social class, in other words a ‘perfect’ world, free of competition, greed, classes, and more importantly inequality. Unfortunately, living in classless society falls under the category of a utopia, as long as greed exists in the heart of society, inequality and the division between classes is not going to end. As Mary Douglas once stated, â€Å"Inequality can have a bad downside, but equality, for its part, sure does get in the way of coordination.† If in today’s society, social classes is more important than race and inequality is breeding more inequality, what effects is elevating the low income class going to have on our society and our way of living, will this further shorten the gap or perhaps break the balance between social classes? In Matthew O’Brien’s article, â€Å"RIP, American Dream? Why It’s So Hard for the Poor to Get Ahead Today,† published on June 2013 in The Atlantic, the author presents how today’s economy is based in more inequality and not equality, and how it has affected the economy’s mobility by further widening the social class gap between the people at the top incomes and the less fortunate at the lower income. Listing several issues such as the deregulation in Wall Street, globalization, and even marriage, the author illustrates how America’s top one percent has caused the widening of the economic gap between the top and the rest of society. For instance,Show MoreRelatedThe Inequality Of Social Classes982 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscrepancy is the iniquity in social classes. On September of 2011, Matt Wuerker a political cartoonist for Politico, published Kitchen Tables that highlighted the injustice in social classes. It is a cartoon that consis t of three different drawings of kitchen tables that Americans sit around: a luxurious upper class, an average middle class, and a deprived underclass. Wuerker used unequal proportion between each of the drawings size to represent the iniquity within social classes. He not only gave theRead MoreGap of Inequality Between Social Classes in the United States749 Words   |  3 PagesIn the article â€Å"Confronting Inequality†, Paul Krugman argues that the gap of inequality between social classes in the United States is growing because of self- interest. He cites a â€Å"movement conservative†, Irving Kristol, who claims income inequality is not important because there is social equality. Krugman uses Kristol’s statement as a starting position to state his own. Krugman describes the claim as being a â€Å"fantasy world† and not the â€Å"real America we live in† (Krugman 246). I agree with hisRead MoreHidden Curriculum and Processes Within Schools Pro duce Inequalities Between Children of Different Social Classes709 Words   |  3 PagesCurriculum and Processes Within Schools Produce Inequalities Between Children of Different Social Classes Through many different researches, it has been shown that working class students are underachieving compared to that of their middle class peers. Middle class pupils are obtaining better grades, and more of them are staying on in education past the compulsory age. The difference that is noticeable is that they are from different social class backgrounds, and therefore theyRead MoreSocial Inequalities And Social Class1150 Words   |  5 PagesSocial classes have been prominent in societies since the beginning of civilizations. These classes are shaped by the distribution of unequal opportunities amongst each division. Social classes can result from varying factors such as race, gender and wealth. Due to social classes, there comes social inequalities. Social inequalities are beneficial to people only at the top of the hierarchy. For those at the bottom, social inequalities has the opposite effect. Rather than the bottom of the hierarchyRead MoreThe Black Report1284 Words   |  6 PagesThe Black Report There are considerable health inequalities amongst Britain’s social classes. Health is formed by socio-economic, political and environmental factors; these elements shape inequalities and influence the health of various social groups in Britain. Health inequalities is the term used to describe the consistent recurring differences of the health complaints involving the social classes of Britain. These differences were first highlighted by Sir Douglas Black in a researchRead MoreFamily Inequality757 Words   |  4 PagesPeople often neglect to acknowledge the inequality present among them in society; however, inequality is a main contribution to the changes in American families whether or not people accept it as a fact. In â€Å"From Marriage Markets: How Inequality is Remaking the American Family† by June Carbone and Naomi Cahn, they explain how American families have changed due to inequality in the social classes of the economy. The authors discuss the plummeting rate of marriage, more children being born out of wedlockRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film Snowpiercer1655 Words   |  7 PagesSocial class—a division of society based on social and economic aspects—has been the foundation of The United Sta tes government and its policies. America’s society is heavily based on social class and the idea that social class is prevalent and important to have, in order for society to function. For hundreds and hundreds of years, America has operated under social and economic inequalities that greatly benefit the wealthiest and richest, but greatly devastate the poor. Thus just like America functionsRead MoreEssay on Class in Australia Today1059 Words   |  5 Pagessimplistic view on what classes are and the inequalities existing within; Marshall. Part 2, (2005: p1 p6). (p1) Broadly speaking, class is about economic and social inequality†¦ (p6) We have a tendency for groups of advanced people to congregate together, and groups of disadvantaged people to congregate so that inequalities persist from generation to generation. Marshall (2005) identifies that â€Å"financial inequality† is not the solitary cause of â€Å"social inequality†, but it is often relatedRead MoreSocial Class And Its Relevance1702 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen an ongoing debate about social class and its relevance in contemporary society. Marx’s social class theory was relating to man and his access to the means of production. He stated there are two classes the bourgeoisie, those who own the means of the production and the proletariat who only possess their labour power to sell ( Ollman, 1976). Pakulski and Waters argued that social is dead, due to changes in economic and social structures along with adaptions in social identity and belonging (1996)Read MoreThe Hunger Games By Max Weber1437 Words   |  6 Pages Social stratification is a concept used within sociology that explains the divisions and social inequalities of large groups of people within a particular society. The Hunger Games (2012) is a film that demonstrates this through amplifying how the power of the rich members in a polarised society are taking control of the poor and separating them in different districts which create specific social rankings. This essay will use the perspective of conflict theory to examine how Australian society is

Critical Analysis Of The Wound Dresser By Walt Whitman

In Walt Whitman’s poem, â€Å"The Wound Dresser,† the moments expressed throughout take place during the Civil War and are experienced by an old, devoted wound-dresser. The poem begins with the wound dresser having to make a choice on whether he should tell a group of children what he went through â€Å"or silently watch the dead† (17). Through the poem, the narrator captures the internal struggles he faces when dealing with a numerous amount of wounded soldiers day by day while at the same time trying to do his job. It is when the narrator is having these inner struggles that the poem distinctively uses punctuation and diction to fully capture unforgotten flashes imbedded in the mind of the narrator. The strong use of diction is a lot more†¦show more content†¦As the poem progresses, the narrator continues to use certain terms that overall portray what he went through. Not only is diction rather key to the poem, but so is the use of punctuation. In ord er to have a distinction between what the Wound Dresser experiences and what he’s thinking, the use of parenthesis becomes key. In the stanza previously chosen, the old man uses the parenthesis to not only show what he is thinking, but in this case almost warn himself and the listeners mentally of the story he is about to tell. Because the narrator is thinking that those who are about to listen to his story need to be â€Å"of strong heart,† there’s a hint of how much of an emotional ride recalling these memories will be (17). Although, the wound dresser isn’t using the parenthesis as strongly in the third stanza to show his internal struggles, he does so a lot more in the rest of the poem, particularly in the seventh stanza, which shows what a typical day for the Wound Dresser is. At the end of the seventh stanza, the narrator uses the parenthesis to state, â€Å"(Come sweet death! be persuaded O beautiful death! In mercy come quickly.) It becomes apparent that the use of parenthesis is used as to show thoughts because the wound dresser wouldn’t particularly announce something welcoming death while attending various patients on the verge of dying. Furthermore, the use of the exclamation mark reflects how defeated the narrator is after

Symptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder - 2326 Words

Elin Larsson Professor Faraji Psychology 25 Abnormal Psychology November 6th 2014 Article Assignment Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental illness, and is characterized by alternating between elevated moods such as mania or the milder condition hypomania and periods of depression. Bipolar disorder often shows during late teens or early adult years. At least half of all cases start before the age of 25. Some people experience symptoms during childhood, while others might develop symptoms late in life (Bipolar Disorder in Adults). The purpose of the study was to investigate if quetiapine monotheraphy is an effective medication in managing relapse or recurrence of critical elevations in mood and the tolerance level of quetiapine amongst†¦show more content†¦This was a case-control, which compared the subjects who have bipolar disorder with subjects who do not bipolar disorder but are otherwise alike, like same sex and age. The main focus of the comparison between the participants and the control subjects were weight, BMI and cognitive functioning as the study proceeded. The sub jects started with a period of 8 weeks where quetiapine was titrated against clinical symptoms with an increase of 50 mg per day to 800mg per day while other psychopharmaceutical drugs were halted. After the titration phase, subjects pursued to consume quetiapine at bedtime for a maximum of 40 weeks. Since this was a monotheraphy treatment, a maximum of 10 mg of the sleeping aid zopiclone, and the anti-anxiety medication clonazepam of 2 mg were permitted to be consumed per day. During the eight first weeks of the study period, visits were scheduled for the subject where the research psychiatrist assessed the patients according to Young Mania Rating Scale, Montgomery Asperg Depression Scale (MADRS), Clinical Global Impressions – Severity Scale (CGI-S), Clinical global Assessment scale (CGAS) and the Affective Morbidity Index (AMI). After eight weeks, study visits were scheduled for at least once a month during the course of the study where the same assessment procedures took p lace. Each patientShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder706 Words   |  3 PagesBipolar disorder is a serious mental illness that is characterized by changes in mood. It can lead to risky behavior, damage relationships and careers, and even suicidal outcomes if it’s not treated. Bipolar disorder is more common in older teenagers and young adults, it can affect children as young as 6. Women experience more periods of depression than men. More remains to be learned about this condition that affects millions of people. Aretaeus of Cappadocia began the process of detailingRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder1454 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the greatly investigated neurological disorders is Bipolar Disorder. Regrettably, due to social stigma, funding issues, and a lack of education, many who are dealing with this disorder do not receive adequate treatment. Bipolar disorder, is also known as manic-depressive illness, it is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, and the ability to carry out normal daily tasks. Symptoms of the disorder are severe and diverse from the normal ups and downs that everyone goesRead MoreBipolar Disorder : Symptoms And Symptoms1486 Words   |  6 Pagespeople may think that having bipolar disorder means that anyone with the disorder are just simply put, â€Å"crazy†, I was one of those people but the meanings of those two things couldn’t possibly be any more different. Bipolar disorder is defined as â€Å"A disorder ass ociated with episodes of mood swings ranging from depressive lows to manic highs.†(google.com) â€Å"Bipolar disorder is a chronic illness with recurring episodes of mania and depression†(nami.org). â€Å"The term â€Å"bipolar† — which means â€Å"two poles† signifyingRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder1020 Words   |  5 PagesBipolar disorder, formally known as ‘manic depression’, is known for its extreme mood swings; these can last anything from weeks to months and are far more extreme than moods most people would experience. Mood swings include episodes of highs and lows; these are known as mania and depressive episodes. Bipolar is a disorder that affects men and woman equally and affects around 1 in 100 adults. Symptoms usually start during or after adolescents and rarely start after the age of 40 (Royal CollegeRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder1648 Words   |  7 PagesBisecting Bipolar Disorde r Introduction and Background Overview 3.9% of adults in the United States are suffering from bipolar disorder as of 2014 according to the National Institute of Mental Health (Jann, 2014). Although rare, it is still a prevalent disease in the realm of mental health and requires special attention from healthcare providers. Bipolar disorder is a lifelong condition described by repeated manic or depressive episodes. Furthermore, due to the extreme mood swings and emotionalRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder Essay1278 Words   |  6 Pages1 HelenKeller541 Physiology October 26, 2016 Abstract: Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder; also referred to as manic depressive disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V, 2013). Bipolar disorder is a depressive disorder with manic episodes, it is placed between the chapters on schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders in recognition of their place as a bridge between the two diagnostics in terms of symptomology, family historyRead MoreBipolar Disorder : Symptoms And Symptoms Essay1384 Words   |  6 PagesBipolar disorder is simply defined as a manic depressive illness, which affects a persons mood and energy. However, the way it affects a person’s mood is dramatic and severe. These are severe moods are called episodes of mania and depression, which means a person who suffers from bipolar disorder might be extremely excited and happy one day, and extremely depressed the next day. In some cases, depressive or manic episodes last weeks, and in some cases these episodes last days. People who suffer fromRead MoreBipolar Disorder : Symptoms And Symptoms1493 Words   |  6 PagesRorman Ms. Chrisman English 10 30 November 2016 Bipolar Disorder If people don’t get enough sleep and miss a meeting, they are just upset, but for people with bipolar disorder, it can trigger another episode to their week. Bipolar Disorder is a brain disorder that can cause shifts in people s mood that are more unusual. Signs and symptoms can be different depending on if the person has manic or depressive episodes. A person with the disorder can also give their family and friends struggles, asideRead MoreBipolar Disorder : Symptoms And Symptoms1390 Words   |  6 Pagesresearch of bipolar disorder will not only describe in detail the symptoms and affects of this mood disorder, but it will also include the advantages, disadvantages of the treatment and medications, and the major role that medications take. Bipolar disorder involves periods of elevated or irritable mood (mania), alternating with episodes of depression (Moore and Jefferson, 2004). The â€Å"mood swings† of mania and depression are very sudden and can happen at anytime any place. Bipolar disorder is categorizedRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder1700 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Bipolar disorders, also known as manic depression, are mental disorders characterized by shifting moods between depression and mania (Bressert, 2016). Those with a bipolar disorder, have extreme emotional states called mood periods. In the United States, more than 10 million people have bipolar disorder (Kennedy, 2015). It is lifelong, but can be treated. Although it can easily be treated, once patients choose to stop taking their medication their symptoms worsen. Around 15 percent

Funeral Oration was a Great Speech Delivered to Honor...

All of us understand that as one of the greatest politician in the history, Pericles is on behalf of slave owners, the middle and lower people. Therefore, he attaches great importance to the value of people. Funeral Oration is a famous speech delivered by Pericles to honor the dead soldiers during the war against Sparta. In the speech, Pericles talks about the lives of the ancestors of the deceased and the deceased themselves. However, he seems to undermine the speech and urge that deeds are more significant than a mere speech. In addition, at the end, Pericles is not sure whether he has conveyed the speech in the right way. There are three reasons for Pericles to say that deeds are more important than speech at the beginning of the Funeral Oration. The first reason for his argument is the political system of Athens at that time is a democratic one which emphasizes the rights to rule the country should belong to the majority of citizens, not just a small group. In this sense, these s oldiers died for their country to win the battle so they deserve something more important than just some empty word. He also believes that speech is just mere words that the law of the country emphasized on and had no importance to the deceased or the ancestors of the deceased. The second reason for his argument is that Pericles wants to show people that the political system in Athens is not only equal to everyone but also rewarding if you do something good for your country. Through this,Show MoreRelatedHow Athenian Nature Is Delineated through Pericles Funeral Oration809 Words   |  4 PagesIn The History of the Peloponnesian War, Thucydides chronicles the events, battles, and democratic processes of the war between Athens and Sparta. Shortly after war broke out, Pericles delivered his funeral oration in honor of the courageous Athenians who already perished in battle. Through his funeral oration, Pericles reveals the true nature of Athenians. Ultimately, they were good nature d since all the citizens of Athens willingly and dutifully served their country, and ultimately the commonRead MoreFamous Speeches Of The Great Awakening3901 Words   |  16 Pages The first known recordings of eulogistic discourse emerged from the ancient Greek tradition, where the â€Å"funeral speech developed out of the formal laudation or commemoration of those who had fallen in battle for their country.† Some of the best examples of this type of eulogistic rhetoric include Cicero’s de Orator and Pericles Funeral oration. Stylistically the structure of these orations typically concentrated heavily on the mourning of the deceased and then transitioned into the celebration

Siomai Maker - 1097 Words

1.0 Executive Summary The Market The market for Siomai Making Machine is huge in the Philippines. The researcher has identified two distinct market segments that they will market their products to. The first segment is the DIY segment of individuals. The second segment is people that will utilize a semi-automatic machine to have the products made at their home. The Product Siomai Making Machine is introduced to the market, but has planned to mass produce for greater markets’ demand. Since it is semi-automatic, Siomai Making Machine can save the individual entrepreneur from 70%-90% of the total time and effort spent on making siomai. The Management Siomai Making Machine is invented by Mr. Rey Pauig (informations about the†¦show more content†¦The first segment is the DIY segment of individuals. The second segment is people that will utilize a semi-automatic machine to have the products made at their home. There are other companies that only sell ready-made siomai. Most of them sell their products as franchise. 4.1 Market Segmentation Siomai Making Machine has identified two market segments to target. DIY These people usually work from their home. They have entrepreneur skills and like to expand business for bigger customers. This segment has a variety of motivations for do-it-yourself work. One motivation is saving money. Another is the satisfaction of completing the product on their own. Some demographic information of this group includes: †¢ Age 26-56. †¢ Male/Female †¢ Married with at least one child at home. †¢ Household income ranges from 50,000-80,000php †¢ Has couple of regular customers Convenience This segment is looking for the advantages of a Siomai Making Machine without the challenge of exerting too much time and effort. They appreciate the value of the machine. This group recognizes the environmental and/or economic benefits of Siomai Making Machine. Demographic information is as follows: †¢ Ages 35-65. †¢ Married with at least one child at home. †¢ Household incomes of 65,000-100,000php †¢ 79% have an undergraduate degree. †¢ 27% have a graduate degree or post undergraduateShow MoreRelatedList of the Top Foodcart Franchising Business in the Philippines1759 Words   |  8 PagesFoodcart Franchise 83. Dipped Banana on Stick Franchise 84. Don Camote Foodcart Franchise 85. Doriyaki Twist Franchise 86. Egg Mess Express Franchise 87. Egg Moo Express Franchise 88. El Bonito’s Pizza Franchise 89. Emperor’s Siomai Foodcart Franchise 90. Ferino’s Bibingka Franchise 91. Filtrepreneur Franchise, Inc. 92. Five Spices Shabu-Shabu Foodcart Franchise 93. Float D’ Floating Ice Cream Franchise 94. Fresh Fruit Juice Foodcart Franchise 95. Fried Bites

Annotated Bibliography and Company Advertising or Online Review

Question: What do consumers believe more -company advertising or online reviews? Answer: Tarkan Remziye; the importance of creative advertising and marketing according to University student perspective. Advertising products and services by various companies inform consumers of the importance and value of the service or product they are selling. According to the author of this work, advertising is very critical in the current competitive market and creativity for customer attraction is very necessary. Some of the creativity the author mentions include proper market research, pricing, product conception and design, good advertising and distribution. However, Terkan illustrates that various challenges are encountered in the process of publicity and marketing of their products hence, companies should adjust strings to attract more consumers and increase their geographical coverage. From this context, we can be able to identify the preference of customers for products advertised by companies regarding the illustration given by the author. Oxera; Benefits of Online platforms The author talks about the importance of online platforms for advertising and reviewing products and services. Due to technological evolution, people are always interested in knowing the new product and what it comes. Active customer care experiences given online will lead to many liking a product or service of an organization compared to the silent comments about a product that is advertised by a company. This increases the reputation of one product of a company over the other. Businesses can make good use of these technological changes to make known their products. Tavor Tchai; Online Advertising development and their economic effectiveness The author mentions on the astounding events and modifications of the internet and technology. Many people have embraced its use and are part of their lifestyles. Online businesses have significantly improved over the years as a result of online marketing hence a preference for many. Online reviews provide faster access to information, in any geographical location and 24 hours a day. The author also illustrates that online advertisements are less intrusive, and conservative compared to banners and other forms of company announcements. This seems convenient by many consumers compared to business advertisements which may be are found in newspapers and billboards hence not suitable regarding availability, accessibility, and cost. This can show us that consumers prefer online reviews compared to company advertisements. Jozef Vladimir and Bartlomiej; Advertising Activity and Its Importance in Management On the Example of SMEs Enterprises The authors talk about various forms of advertisements used by companies and the characteristics with which the ads are embedded. Newspapers, radios, televisions, and banners are used, which are presently become less important to consumers due to the availability of all kind of information online. The adverts are said to be paid for, are costly which results in giving only brief information about the product, without providing finer details that may change the mind of a consumer. These can apparently lead us to the kind of media in which users will prefer. Celine ARCA social media marketing benefits for businesses: why and how should every company create and develop its social media sites? The author focuses on the benefits accrued from advertising their products on social media. Social media is ubiquitous and efficient for both the business and for the customers. The cost effectiveness and efficiency of using these sites has increased sales of their products hence the most preferred. The most commonly used sites, mentioned by the author include you tube, twitter, Facebook and blogs. References Terkan Remziye (2014); importance of creative advertising and marketing according to University student perspective. Oxera(October, 2015); Benefits of Online platforms. Tavor Tchai (2011); Online Advertising development and their economic effectiveness Jozef, Vladimir and Bartlomiej (2012); Advertising Activity and Its Importance in Management On the Example of SMEs Enterprises Celine ARCA (2012); Social Media Marketing Benefits for Businesses: Why and How Should Every Business Create and Develop Its Social Media Sites

Risk Management in Tourism - Events and Hospitality - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theRisk Management in Tourism, Events and Hospitality. Answer: Introduction This study provides a detailed analysis and description of the factors that might influence the level of risks associated with service industries such as tourism, events or hospitality industry. The risk management team of such industries develop appropriate risk management strategies to cope with the emerging risks and situations that may cause the threat to the general, personal as well as public safety. These industries hold a major position in the social, political and economical growth of a particular area or country. Thus, it is important to identify critically and analyse the factors causing a crisis and disaster situations as well as those that influence the level of risk or danger in these situations. Further, this study will help to go through the risk management and treatment options that can help reduce the level of risks that might occur in fields of tourism, events or hospitality industries. Factors that influence the level of risk at Tourism, Events and Hospitality Industry Tourism Industry Analysis Tourism plays one of the major roles for social and economical development. It is considered as one of the many leading driving forces of universal trade (Auer and Stone, 2014). The World Tourism Organization (2003) measures threats based on the security and safety of travellers, hosting groups, visitors and employees working in tourism from these following different sources: The Human and Institutional Environment factors: Common breaking of law (theft, assault, burglary, fraud, theft, pick pocketing, deception) Violence that are targeted and indiscriminate (rape, eve-teasing, harassment, etc.) Common organized criminalities (extortion, coercion, forced labour or slave trading etc) Terrorist attacks and unlawful actions, kidnapping, hijacking etc Political unrest, civil conflicts etc The scarcity of protection service facilities (Berk, 2015). Tourism and Other Related Services: Tourism Industry and other similar industries e.g. transport industry etc can endanger a visitors' personal safely and physical security or can harm them economically by: Inadequate standards for safety in tourism departments and establishments Lack of necessary defence against illicit actions, criminalities and negligency at tourism services. Fraud or deception in business transactions. Dissent with contractors. Disagreements among the employees in the industry (De Keukeleire, Descheemaeker and Reynders, 2015). Individual Travellers: According to Rashid and Robinson, Travellers might risk their personal safety in the following ways identified: Getting involved in dangerous activities or reckless driving etc Travelling with bad physical condition, and if health further deteriorates during travelling Creating conflict among neighbours with inappropriate behaviour and misconduct and violating state laws, engaging in unlawful activities. Performing unlawful activities (taking drugs etc) Travelling to unsafe places Missing personal belongings, money, important documents due to absent mindedness and carelessness. Physical and Environment Oriented Factors: The physical and environment oriented factors which influence risks of the travellers: The natural characteristics of the place or the general climate in the area does not suit the visitor They do not carry sufficient medical supplies for the trip. Carelessness in consuming eatables or drinkables while travelling thus violating personal hygiene. Travellers are exposed to various risky environments caused from physical and natural hazards and disasters. (Jangid et al. 2015). Factors that influence the level of risks at Events industry The governments and businesses are getting lots of opportunities, challenges and revenues from the events industry (Morgan, 2015). But the risk involved in such events is in constant growth. It reflects a wide variety of present-day courses as well as introduces new dangers. Cyber attack and crimes related to terrorism Environment menace Disasters caused by nature Technological glitch or mishaps Fluctuation of global power Economic threats and pandemic breakouts. Factors influencing level of risk in events industry It is possible to classify the risks involved in events industry into the following two categories Those which are man made in some way Those which are outside the scope of instant controlling i.e. the factors which cannot be handled directly or indirectly but they can decide the fate of the event whether it will be successful or a failure. Man-made factors: Minor technical glitch, e.g. power failures, disruption of machine or instruments etc can be of serious threat to the safely and security of workforces, audience or even the participants. Involvement of crimes such as fraud or theft can cause an event to be a major failure. Another set of risks that can be seen in this industry is cost overrun. Mainly large scale events or mega events involving greater infrastructure are more prone to cost overrun (Sto?rmer, Schmeiser and Maas, 2015). Factors which cannot be directly managed or prevented: There also exist a number of risks or threats which are beyond the scope of immediate control and management: The events industry has been a direct target for the terrorist attack in the past. There are a number of incidents in the history which supports the fact that there is chance terrorism might strike on the events planning or staging events industry. Natural disasters can also be a potential threat for the events industry (Campos-Soria, Marchante-Mera and Ropero-Garca). Earthquake, heavy flood or storm can be the cause of disruption of an event and might prevent it from executing successfully. Natural disasters have caused damage in the event industry in the past (Yang et al. 2014). Another factor that can influence the risk in event industry can be pandemic outbreaks or civil turmoil. Factors that influence the level of risks in Hospitality industry:- The hospitality industry is a sub division of the other broader category of industry which is the service industry. Within this industry there are a number of operations included. Few of them include hotel and restaurant industry, lodging, event planning and organising, theme parks, etc. A hospitality unit such as a restaurant, hotel, or an amusement park comprises of a number of units (Morgan, 2015). Factors influencing risks in hospitality industry:- Traditional risk factors: High costs of energy Threats of power failures or technical disruption Non-delivery or delayed delivery by outsourced partners or suppliers Theft, fraud, burglary or employee dishonesty Accidents and injuries of travellers due to illness, furthermore vandalism of personal property caused by carelessness of the customers Damage of property due to fire Breakdown of equipments The hospitality industry is exposed to various newly emerging risks which are not included in the chain of traditional risks. Traditional type of risks has direct impact on the customer service, food and beverage quality. But there are other slightly uncommon risks which are often overlooked in the industry (Jackson and Kwansa). Hotel managers and hospitality risk management teams but be aware of these types of threats by constant evaluation of their risk management strategies (Sto?rmer, Schmeiser and Maas, 2015). The hospitality industry risk managers have the threat of pandemic at the top of their minds. Aside from pandemics, the other risks that can threaten the hospitality industry are: Risks of property damage Risk in reputation Brand management risks Terrorism attack and political risk. Risk treatment option to manage crisis and disaster situation of a tourism industry, Hospitality Industry and Events Industry Risk Management options for Tourism Industry Crisis can be defined as a situation that has a long term negative effect on the operation of a business or products. Risk management can be referred to as a process which act as a guide to prepare the organization to recover from disasters. (Mathew et al. 2012) Crisis can be occurred in a tourism industry due to following facts- Poor establishment of a safety standard. Poor asepsis and disregard for environmental viability. Absence of defence against the activity which is unlawful activities and crime. Trickery in commercial transaction. Disagreement of contractor. Industrial conflict amongst the staff of the organization (Card, Ward and Clarkson, 2015).The process of crisis management in a tourism industry can be defined as identifying and assessing the disaster or risk to the organization and taking decision to recover from that crisis which should be logical as well as systematic (Frevert and Potter, 2011) The risk management treatment of a tourism industry should include the following- The management should care for the safety of visitors and also for employees of their organizations. They should develop a secure system which would be helpful in communicating with persons. The tourism industry should establish a security system for securing travellers and employees from disaster (Frevert and Potter, 2011). The management should train their employees to work efficiently during the recovery operations. They should supply sufficient resources to manage recovery operation. The industry should have procedure to get back to the normal business operation after disasters have happened. (Dionne, 2013) The process of crisis management of a tourism industry is described below- Communication and consultation This process is fundamental to the risk management. Appropriate communication ensures that the stakeholders are focussed and committed towards the process of tourism risk management. Monitoring and reviewing Establishment of context- In this step a framework is established for activities of risk management. In this some criteria are also developed in order to compare them to the risk. Identifying risk- It is defined as a systematic process where all the risks are identified which will be needed to manage. Analysing the risk- In this step the risks are analysed in order to find consequence of those risks. According to this analysis the criteria to recover from the risks are also developed. Evaluation of risk- In this process the risk is arranged according to their degree. Previous criteria for risk management will provide necessary information and depending on this current criteria have to be developed. Treatment of risk- In this step the industry assesses them to find out whether they have all the resources to implement the risk management criteria. After this process the risk management process is implemented (Frevert and Potter, 2011). Risk treatment option to manage Crisis and Disaster situation in an event industry: Event industries are responsible developing and creating large events like ceremonies, festivals, concerts etc (Gjerald and Lyngstad, 2015). The steps to be involved in the risk management of an event industry are described below- Identification of activities due to which risk can be occurred- In this step the activities in an event management industry which can cause risk is identified. Identification of risks which are associated with every activity- This step is to check whether or not any risk is associated with any activity which the event industry handles. Determining the chances of occurrence of disaster and the consequence of those disasters- This step determines the degree of severity of any risk. And also determines how they will affect the operation of the business Giving priority to the risks- In this step the management gives priority to the risks according to their degree of severity. Formulation and implementation of strategy for management of risk- There are some common strategy to manage risk like- avoidance of risk, retention of risk, transfer of risk, reduction of risk. Periodically reviewing and monitoring the risk- This is the last step in which the strategies which are adopted to recover from risk are reviewed and monitored periodically (Frevert and Potter, 2011). Risk treatment option to manage risk and disaster situations in a hospital industry: Risk management in any hospital industry is a complex process. It involves identification, assessment, and resolving risk in each area of the hospital industry. The role of risk management is a difficult process because it involves implementing new act to protect the patients and employee from risks and this process should be affordable for the industry (Mathew et al. 2012). The practices for managing risk in a hospital industry are described below- Assessing risk proactively The manager in the risk management department should assess the risk to identify the risk before it causes damages. The manager should also identify the risks that might be encountered in the operation of the business. Assessing risks help managers to make score upon the risks. They can also detect the frequency with which the risks can result from damages. Based on this assessment the managers can establish practices that would be beneficial to protect the industry from damages. Hardwiring practices for risk mitigation In order to be able to maintain an environment with low risk the manager needs to ensure that the practices which are adopted for risk mitigation are according to the standard policy. For better implementation of these practices the staffs and providers of the industry need to be educated and trained. They should provide alert in the health record to remind the staffs about the practices of the of risk management. Prioritizing of risk The manager of risk management department needs to prioritize the risk according to their degree of damage and frequency. It is a difficult task because it needs to assess and prioritize all actual risk and as well as risk which might be encountered in the business operation. Establishing a comfortable culture If all the responsibility belongs to only the manager of the industry, then this would be too much difficult for the manager to detect each and every risk associated with operation of the business. So the other staffs and providers also cooperate with the manager to find out the risk. People would feel comfortable if they can speak up about their problem which would be beneficial for the industry to detect the risk. For this the environment of the hospital industry need to be comfortable to all the members. Safety of patient is the main responsibility any hospital industry. So for this the members of the hospital industry need to make the patients and their family members feel easy so that they can easily speak up about their problem they are facing in the service provided by the hospital (Zhang, Morse and Li, 2015). Reference List Auer, J. and Stone, G. (2014). 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